Open Questions
The following is a list of some concrete open questions of philosophical interest, mostly in formal epistemology and the philosophy of science. I consider a solution to any of these questions to be an admirable contribution. Each question comes equipped with references sufficient to give an understanding of the problem, and a date of posting. Feel free to email me (wd23919@bristol.ac.uk) solutions or possible additions to this list. And, of course, proper credit will be given (in the following form: "asked by [insert name, date]" or "solved by [insert name, date], see [insert solution manuscript]", unless you wish to remain anonymous). Best of luck! [Note: this list is certainly no-where near comprehensive, even from what can be gleaned from the relevant literature. I do not claim credit for formulating all of these questions.]
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Is there an accuracy-dominance argument for Plan Conditionalization without assuming Temporal Separability? Furthermore, what are the necessary and sufficient conditions for such an argument? (Posted: December 12, 2022) References: Briggs, R. A., & Pettigrew, R. (2018). An accuracy‐dominance argument for conditionalization. Noûs, 54(1), 162–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12258. Nielsen, M. (2021). Accuracy-dominance and conditionalization. Philosophical Studies, 178(10), 3217–3236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01598-6.
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Is there an accuracy-dominance argument for Gallow (Externalist) Conditionalization? (Posted: December 12, 2022) (Solved: (Rooyakkers, ms)) References: Gallow, J. D. (2019). Updating for externalists. Noûs, 55(3), 487–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12307. Nielsen, M. (2021). Accuracy-dominance and conditionalization. Philosophical Studies, 178(10), 3217–3236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01598-6.
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Prove that Routhian Mechanics is theoretically equivalent (explicated as definable categorical equivalence) to Lagrangian Mechanics. (Posted: December 12, 2022) References: Barrett, T. W. (2019). Equivalent and inequivalent formulations of classical mechanics. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 70(4), 1167–1199. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axy017. Hudetz, L. (2019). Definable categorical equivalence. Philosophy of Science, 86(1), 47–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/701047. Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, November 17). Routhian Mechanics. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routhian_mechanics.
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Does there exist a strictly proper and continuous accuracy measure satisfying the Elimination* condition? If not, is this concerning for the accuracy-only research programme? (Posted: December 12, 2022) (Solved: See Richard Pettigrew's substack "Lewis, Fallis, and Fitelson on accuracy and scientific progress" and Fitelson's "Elimination Counterexamples: State of the Art".) References: Lewis, P. J., & Fallis, D. (2019). Accuracy, conditionalization, and probabilism. Synthese, 198(5), 4017–4033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02298-3. Lewis, P. J., Fallis, D., & Fitelson, B. (2022, August 26). Accuracy-first epistemology and Scientific Progress. PhilSci Archive. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/21093/.
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Axiomatize, if possible, the Lockean Theories of both indicative and subjunctive supposition. (Posted: February 1, 2023) References: Eva, B., Shear, T., & Fitelson, B. (2022). Four approaches to supposition. Ergo an Open Access Journal of Philosophy, 8. https://doi.org/10.3998/ergo.2227.
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Is there a change-of-value argument for Gallow (Externalist) Conditionalization? (Posted: March 9, 2023) (Solved: (Rooyakkers, ms)) References: Gallow, J. D. (2019). Learning and value change. Philosophers' Imprint, 19. https://doi.org/http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3521354.0019.029.
Gallow, J. D. (2019). Updating for Externalists. Noûs, 55(3), 487–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12307. -
Develop, if possible, a Value of Information Theorem for Qualitative Decision Theories. (Posted: March 24, 2023) References: Lin, H. (2013). Foundations of everyday practical reasoning. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 42(6), 831–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10992-013-9296-0. Skyrms, Brian. (1990). The value of knowledge. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/185723.
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Develop, if possible (maybe under some additional assumptions), a Value of Information Theorem for Gallow (Externalist) Conditionalization. (Posted: March 25, 2023) References: Gallow, J. D. (2019). Updating for Externalists. Noûs, 55(3), 487–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12307. Skyrms, Brian. (1990). The value of knowledge. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/185723.
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Is there an accuracy-dominance argument for Almost Lockean Completeness without assuming Qualitative Additivity? (Posted: December 1, 2023) References: Rothschild, D. (2021). Lockean beliefs, Dutch books, and scoring systems. Erkenntnis, 88(5), 1979–1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-021-00438-1.
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Is there an accuracy-dominance argument for joint Almost Lockean Completeness without assuming Qualitative Temporal Separability? (Posted: December 21, 2023) References: Rooyakkers, P. (ms).
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Prove (or disprove) Compatibility Theorems between Bayesianism and Formal Learning Theory for more complicated empirical problems. (Posted: March 11, 2024) References: Genin, K., & Kelly, K. T. (2018). Theory choice, theory change, and Inductive Truth-conduciveness. Studia Logica, 107(5), 949–989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11225-018-9809-5. Lin, H. (2022). Modes of convergence to the truth: Steps toward a better epistemology of induction. The Review of Symbolic Logic, 15(2), 277–310. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755020321000605.
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Prove or Disprove: Belief-set B is Almost Lockean Complete with threshold t<1 and Closed-under-single-premise-Entailment iff B is Almost Lockean Complete with t<1 with respect to a regular probability function. (Posted: April 15, 2024) References: Rothschild, D. (2021). Lockean beliefs, Dutch books, and scoring systems. Erkenntnis, 88(5), 1979–1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-021-00438-1.
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Is there an accuracy-dominance argument for the Almost Lockean Thesis? (Posted: January 24, 2025) References: Rooyakkers, P. N. (ms).
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Investigate the imprecise representation of belief/belief-planning pairs and develop the relevant Dutchbook and accuracy-dominance arguments. (Posted: January 24, 2025) References: Molinari, G. (2022, ms). Imprecision and the representation of belief. Rooyakkers, P. N. (ms).
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Investigate Ginger Schultheis's notion of "actual accuracy" for all-or-nothing belief-planning and prove (if possible) the relevant expected actual-accuracy theorem. (Posted: January 24, 2025) References: Schultheis, G. (2024, forthcoming). Accurate Updating. Philosophy of Science. Rooyakkers, P. N. (ms).